Incinerator for domestic and industrial solid, semi-liquid or liquid waste

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to incinerators for domestic and industrial waste of the type comprising, on a frame which may be constructed so as to eventually receive a set of wheels and thus be made movable, a rotary oven in the shape of a truncated cone, fixed precombustion and/or post-combustion chambers being provided at the ends of said oven, the waste being introduced into one of said chambers by means of a loader or feeder, said chambers being connected to a decanting cyclone by means of a gas exhaust pipe, the rotary chamber of the oven being rotatably driven continuously or intermittently through mechanical means.

United States Patent 1 1 Bolle 1 1 INCINERATOR FOR DOMESTICANDINDUSTRIAL SOLll). SEMl-LlQUlD OR LIQUID WASTE [75] Inventor: DanielBolle, Geneva, Switzerland [73] Assignee: Etablissement Manitra, Vaduz,Liechtenstein [22] Filed: Nov. 16, 1973 [21] App1.No.:416,645

1 May 13,1975

Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Emory L. Groff, Jr.

[57] ABSTRACT The present invention relates to incinerators for domesticand industrial waste of the type comprising, on a frame which may beconstructed so as to eventually receive a set of wheels and thus be mademovable, a rotary oven in the shape of a truncated cone, fixedprecombustion and/or post-combustion chambers being provided at the endsof said oven, the waste being introduced into one of said chambers bymeans of a loader or feeder, said chambers being connected to adecanting cyclone by means of a gas exhaust pipe, the rotary chamber ofthe oven being rotatably driven continuously or intermittently throughmechanical means.

5 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures PZJENTED HAY I 3 i975 SHEET u 0F 4INCINERATUR FOR DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL SOLID, SEMI-LIQUID OR LIQUIDWASTE The incinerator according to the invention is characterized by thefact that each fixed chamber provided at each end of the rotary chamberof the oven may be cut off from the gas exhaust pipe by means of aregister or gate so as to direct the burnt gases against the flow ofwaste into the front stationary chamber in which waste is inserted forpre-combustion of readily inflammable waste and post-combustion ofgases. or else so as to direct the gases in the direction of the flow ofthe waste in the oven, to the rear stationary chamber for postcombustionof the less inflammable waste and gases.

The incinerator in question is also characterized by the fact thatapertures opening in each chamber of the oven are susceptible of beingtotally or partially closed to assure the controlled introduction of thecombustion air. and in that the two stationary chambers on each side ofthe rotary chamber of the oven are equipped with burners and/orinjectors to permit the incineration of all waste. readily or notreadily inflammable solid. semi-liquid or liquid, or of neutralizingsolutions. The apertures are made in such a manner that the combustionair. penetrating in the middle ofthe waste. is either forced in toaccelerate the combustion of the waste and gases emanating therefrom. orelse it is completely or partially stopped to slow down the combustion.

The rotary oven/chamber in the shape ofa truncated cone. which iscomposed of a wall of concrete or any other refractory materialencircled by a sheet metal ferrule or sleeve. is characterized in thatthe refractory truncated-cone wall is composed of prefabricatedsector-shaped elements assembled side by side to providetruncate-conical rings which are joined end to end. The componentelements of the rings and the rings them selves are interlocked by meansof joints which are cast. after the assembling. into grooves cut in theedges of the sector-shaped parts and of the rings. the rectilinearjoints connecting the sectors being continuous over the whole length ofthe rotary chamber. while the cireular joints assembling the rings areinterrupted at regular intervals.

Another characteristic of the rotary oven chamber resides in the factthat the insertion of the combustion air is effected through aperturescut in multiple projecting nozzles which are pyramidshaped and moldedintegral with the prefabricated elements composing the rotary chamber.said nozzles being distributed on the inside wall to stir up the wasteduring its progression in the course of the incineration. said aperturesoriginating from a central hole crossing the refractory wall at rightangles with each nozzle and opening into transverse grooves cut around aring coupled to the rotary chamber on the side of its large base. saidgrooves each connecting two longitudinal channels.

The distribution of the combustion air into the rotary chamber iseffected through windows provided in the ferrule or sleeve encirclingsaid rotary chamber and capable of being partially obturated during therotation of the chamber by a fixed sheet-metal belt including anextension in the form of a hood into which a blower discharges air. insuch a manner that the combustion air is distributed only by the nozzleslocated at the level of the waste during the rotation of the oven.

Other details shall be brought out during the following description.with reference to the attached drawings. in which:

FIG. I is an elevational view of the incinerator according to theinvention.

FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the incinerator shown in FIG. I.

FIG. 3 is an elevational view of the incinerator in which the sleeve ofthe rotary chamber has been partially broken away.

'- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the incinerachamber of theoven.

FIG. 10 shows a detail view of the joint which assures the tightnessbetween the stationary chambers and the rotary oven chamber.

In the drawings. particularly in FIGS. 1 to 4. the incinerator inquestion comprises a rotary chamber 1 in the shape of a truncated cone.communicating with a stationary precombustion and/or postcombustionchamber 2 in which the waste is inserted by means of a loader 3. At theother end. rotary chamber 1 communicates with a second stationarypost-combustion chamber 4, equipped with an ash-pan 5.

The two stationary chambers 2 and 4 which surround the rotary combustionand reaction chamber I are connected by a duct 6 for exhaust of theburned gases. provided at the upper portion and opening into an exhaustcyclone 7 connected with a chimney 8.

This oven unit is supported by a frame 9 which may be consturcted so asto receive a set of wheels. if need be, thus making the incineratormovable.

Duct 6 connecting oven chambers 2 and 4 includes dampers 10 and 11.located respectively at the outlet of pre-combustion and/orpostcombustion chamber 2, and at the outlet of post-combustion chamber 4respectively. Thus. it is easy to understand that by closing damper l0and opening damper 11, the burned gases are directed with the flow inthe direction of movement of the waste traveling through rotary chamberI from chamber 2 to chamber 4. On the contrary, by opening damper I0 andclosing damper II, the gases are directed against the flow of movementof the waste. This double operation with and against the flow of thewaste permits the incineration of all waste. solid, semi-liquid orliquid. readily or not readily inflammable and neutralizing solutions.If necessary. a second chimney 8' may be adapted on stationarypre-combustion and/or post-combustion chamber 2, which is provided withan opening normally closed by a removable cover 12. while anotheropening also closed by a removable cover 13 may permit, if need be.loading of waste by gravity directly into said chamber 2.

Rotary oven chamber 1 is composed of a truncatedconical wall made ofconcrete or any other refractory material. formed of a plurality ofrings 14 providing sectors which are coupled to one another along theirsides and ends, as shown in FIG. 8, by means of joints cast, afterassembly, into grooves 16 cut in rectilinear lines in the edges of thesectors. Rings 14 are then interlocked by means of split joints castinto grooves 17 cut in circular lines in the edges of sectors 15. All ofthe above mentioned component elements are prefabricated, and they areeasily interchangeable in case of damaged oven elements.

For injection of the combustion air into rotary chamber l, the insidewall in equipped with numerous nozzles l8, pyramidal in shape, which aremolded integral with sectors 15, their number decreasing substantiallytoward the small end Of the rotary chamber. These nozzles which projectinto the oven contribute to the stirring up of the waste during itsprogression through the chamber. They are provided with an air inletchannel 19 which is divided into several holes opening around the top ofeach nozzle, to assure an efficient diffusion of the combustion air inthe middle of the waste. These air inlet holes which pass through therefractory wall of rotary chamber 1 come out on the outside wall,opposite nozzles 18, into longitudinal channels 20 formed in the rotarychamber along its outer surface (FIGS. 3 and 8) and extendingalternately over all or a portion of its length.

On the side of its larger end as shown in FIG. 9, rotary chamber 1comprises a narrow ring 21 interlocked by means of cast joints andforming a rim 22 sloped toward the inside which restricts the opening ofthe rotary chamber and is intended to retain mud and liquid waste sothat they do not penetrate between the joined sides of rotary chamber 1and of stationary chamber 2. Said chamber also comprises projectingV-shaped ramps which extend partially into rotary chamber 1 at rightangles relative to the horizontal portion in which the waste is locatedto assure its discharge and protect the joint.

As shown in FIG. 3 the periphery of the narrower end of ring 21 includesinterrupted grooves 24 cut perpendicularly to the longitudinal channels20 of rotary chamber 1, with which they communicate and couple in pairs.

Rotary chamber 1 thus constructed is encircled by a sheet-metal ferruleor sleeve 25 which is integral therewith and which comprises on itsperiphery several windows, 1 not shown, which are closed by slidingshutters 26 for the inspection and ash-removal of air channels 20. Atright angles to the end ring 21, sleeve 25 is cut out, at regularintervals corresponding to grooves 24 provided in said ring, withapertures 27 at right angles to which the sleeve or ferrule is encircledby a fixed belt 28 made of sheet-metal and forming, only on one portionofits periphery, an air inlet hood 29 in such a manner that only nozzles18 in contact with the waste are fed with combustion air throughchannels 20 (FIG. 7). Rollers 44 are mounted on eccentric shafts betweenfixed belt 28 and rotary sleeve 25 to maintain the necessary andadjustable distance between them so as to alleviate the entrance ofadditional air and prevent any friction. Hood 29 is fed with combustionair by means of a duct 30 originating from a pipe 30' arranged coaxiallyto burned gas exhaust duct 6 so as to warm up the combustion air sent tothe various chambers of the oven (FIGS. 3 and 6).

Apertures 31 connected to air intake duct 30 by a tube 32 open into thestationary pre-combustion and/or post-combustion chamber 2 at its base.Apertures 33 connected to air intake 30 by another tube 34 (FIGS. 3 and4) also open into the upper part of chamber 2.

Apertures 35 connected to combustion air intake 30 by a tube 36 (FIGS. 3and 4) also open into stationary chamber 4.

Finally, apertures 37 connected to air intake 30 by a tube 38 (FIGS. 4and 6) open into rotary chamber I, particularly at its entrance.

The introduction of combustion air into the various chambers of the ovenis controlled by valves which cut off the tubes from the air intake 30.Thus a valve 39, on tube 32, controls the entrance of the air, throughapertures 31, into stationary chamber 2. A valve 40, on tube 34,controls the entrance of air through apertures 33 into chamber 2. Avalve 41, on tube 36, controls the entrance of air through apertures 35into stationary chamber 4. A valve 42 (FIG. 6) on tube 38, controls theentrance of air through apertures 37 into rotary chamber 1. Finally, avalve 43, on air intake 30, controls the entrance of air into hood 29which feeds channels 20 and consequently nozzles 18 of rotary chamber 1.

Stationary pre-combustion and/or post-combustion chambers 2 and 4 areeach equipped with burners and- /or injectors to turn on the oven and toincinerate readily inflammable waste.

Continuous or intermittent rotation of the combustion and reactionchamber 1 is effected by a link chain 51 encircling the oven andsupported on sprockets 45, passing over a rocking stop element 46surrounding the pinion engaged with the chain and driven by a motor 47(FIGS. 1 and 5). This arrangement avoids slippage, as may occur infriction driving devices. It also avoids the mechanical stress of geardriving means. The stability and seating of the rotary chamber 1 duringits rotation are assured by rollers 48 affixed to frame 9, on which resttwo roller paths 49 integral with sleeve 25 (FIGS. land 6).

The joints which assure tightness between rotary chamber 1 andstationary chamber 2 and 4 are each composed of a steel strip 52 affixedaround sleeve 25 by means of a crown and rotating with same. The steelstrip is maintained under pressure against a circular shoe 53 integralwith the stationary chamber, by means of V-shaped levers 54 held byhooks 55 integral with sleeve 25 to which they are hinged. The pressureof each lever 54 against steel strip 52 and against shoe 53 is assuredby a spring 56 acting against a nut 57 screwed on a threaded rod 58integral with the end of lever 54 which is opposite the end pressingagainst the steel strip 52. Nut 57 permits regulating the pressure ofspring 56 and removal of lever 54 from its hook 55 (FIG. 10) todisassemble the device.

The waste loading device 3, whether utilizing screws, plungers or anyother system, is affixed by means of screw jacks 59 hinged on both sidesof chamber 2 and fastened on each side of the loader, which enables itto be removable and replaced easily, for example, for eventualsubstitution by an additional chamber 60 equipped with burners and/orinjectors 50.

I claim:

1. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising, a frame,a rotary oven mounted on said frame, said oven being in the shape of atruncated cone, means for rotating said oven, a stationary precombustionchamber connected to one end of said oven and communicating therewith, astationary postcombustion chamber connected to the other end of saidoven and communicating therewith, burners associated with each of saidchambers, said precombustion chamber receiving said waste to beincinerated, an exhaust cyclone, gas exhaust ducts connecting each ofsaid chambers to said cyclone, a damper isolating each of said chambersfrom the gas exhaust ducts and said cyclone whereby the burned gases maybe directed against the direction of flow of waste or with the directionof flow of waste in the oven by the selective closing of one damper andthe opening of the other damper or vice versa.

2. An incinerator according to claim 1 including a set of wheels mountedon said frame to provide a mobile incinerator.

3. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising a rotaryoven of generally tubular truncated conical shape and open at both ends,a stationary pre combustion chamber connected to one end of said oven, astationary postcombustion chamber connected to the other end of saidoven, burners associated with each of said chambers, each of saidchambers communicating with said oven and having a plurality ofapertures therein, said oven having a plurality of apertures through itssidewall, a sleeve surrounding and spaced from the outer periphery ofsaid oven in the area containing said openings to provide acircumferential chamber with which said openings communicate, ductsconnecting the openings in said pre-combustion and post-combustionchambers with said circumferential chamber, valve means connected tosaid ducts for controling the introduction of combustion gases into saidoven through said circumferential chamber in such a manner that thecombustion gas penetrating into the waste in the oven is either blown into accelerate the combustion of the waste and gases emanating therefrom, or it is completely or partially stopped to slow down thecombustion of said waste.

4. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste including a rotaryoven of generally tubular truncated conical shape comprising a wall ofrefractory material, a sheet-metal sleeve surrounding said wall andspaced therefrom, means driving said oven in continuous or alternatingrotation, said wall of refractory material including a plurality ofsector shaped elements assembled side by side so as to formtruncated-conical rings, each of said elements having grooves in the endand side edges thereof which are aligned with related grooves inadjacent elements when said elements are assembled and connecting meanscast in said grooves to interlock said elements and rings.

5. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising a rotaryoven between a stationary precombustion chamber and a stationarypost-combustion chamber and communicating with each of said chambers,the waste being loaded into said pre-combustion chambers, a removablewaste loading device, means attaching said loading device to said lastmentioned chamber, said means comprising screw jacks hinged on oppositesides of said chamber and connected to related sides of said loadingdevice.

1. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising, a frame,a rotary oven mounted on said frame, said oven being in the shape of atruncated cone, means for rotating said oven, a stationarypre-combustion chamber connected to one end of said oven andcommunicating therewith, a stationary post-combustion chamber connectedto the other end of said oven and communicating therewith, burnersassociated with each of said chambers, said precombustion chamberreceiving said waste to be incinerated, an exhaust cyclone, gas exhaustducts connecting each of said chambers to said cyclone, a damperisolating each of said chambers from the gas exhaust ducts and saidcyclone whereby the burned gases may be directed against the directionof flow of waste or with the direction of flow of waste in the oven bythe selective closing of one damper and the opening of the other damperor vice versa.
 2. An incinerator according to claim 1 including a set ofwheels mounted on said frame to provide a mobile incinerator.
 3. Anincinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising a rotary ovenof generally tubular truncated conical shape and open at both ends, astationary pre-combustion chamber connected to one end of said oven, astationary postcombustion chamber connected to the other end of saidoven, burners associated with each of said chambers, each of saidchambers communicating with said oven and having a plurality ofapertures therein, said oven having a plurality of apertures through itssidewall, a sleeve surrounding and spaced from the outer periphery ofsaid oven in the area containing said openings to provide acircumferential chamber with which said openings communicate, ductsconnecting the openings in said pre-combustion and post-combustionchambers with said circumferential chamber, valve means connected tosaid ducts for controling the introduction of combustion gases into saidoven through said circumferential chamber in such a manner that thecombustion gas penetrating into the waste in the oven is either blown into accelerate the combustion of the waste and gases emanating therefrom,or it is completely or partially stopped to slow down the combustion ofsaid waste.
 4. An incinerator for domestic and industrial wasteincluding a rotary oven of generally tubular truncated conical shapecomprising a wall of refractory material, a sheet-metal sleevesurrounding said wall and spaced therefrom, means driving said oven incontinuous or alternating rotation, said wall of refractory materialincluding a plurality of sector shaped elements assembled side by sideso as to form truncated-conical rings, each of said elements havinggrooves in the end and side edges thereof which are aligned with relatedgrooves in adjacent elements when said elements are assembled andconnecting means cast in said grooves to interlock said elements andrings.
 5. An incinerator for domestic and industrial waste comprising arotary oven between a stationary pre-combustion chamber and a stationarypost-combustion chamber and communicating with each of said chambers,the waste being loaded into said pre-combustion chambers, a removablewaste loading device, means attaching said loading device to said lastmentioned chamber, said means comprising screw jacks hinged on oppositesides of said chamber and connected to related sides of said loadingdevice.